Every Exit From the Helium-3 Shortage
Seven ways out of the helium-3 shortage, graded on what each can deliver, what blocks it today, and the specific result that would change…
The Substitution Ladder: A Better Way to Read the Quantum Supply Chain
Grade every component by how many weeks of engineering a replacement costs. Three rungs, three procurement strategies, and one order of purchase that protects…
Cryogenic Infrastructure: The First Decision in a Superconducting Build
Three cryogenic constraints set the ceiling on any superconducting quantum build: fridge lead time, the helium-3 supply chain, and the I/O wiring wall. Sequence…
How to Choose a Quantum Control System
Control electronics decide whether a qubit chip ever computes. A selection sequence for engineers: latency budget, channel count, modality shortlist, and the supply constraint…
The Quantum OS and Orchestration Layer
Two of the five software layers in a quantum system come free with your hardware choices. Three do not, and two of those three…
Preparing a Facility for a Quantum Computer
A quantum computer is a building problem before it is a physics problem. What the site survey measures, which four sign-offs the schedule depends…
What It Takes to Build a Quantum Computer
A quantum computer is assembled by six engineering trades, only one of which is quantum physics. Here is what each of them does, and…
Quantum Hardware Costs More to Operate Than to Buy
The hardware quote is the smaller half of the number. Here is how the five-year cost of a quantum computer breaks down, and where…
Following a Hybrid Job Through a Quantum-HPC Stack
A QPU next to a supercomputer is a demonstration. A QPU inside the job queue is a resource. Here is what sits between the…
The Helium-3 Problem in Quantum Computing, Explained
Helium-3 has no substitute for millikelvin cooling, and most quantum computers never touch it. A working guide to the physics, the supply chain, and…