Every Exit From the Helium-3 Shortage
Seven ways out of the helium-3 shortage, graded on what each can deliver, what blocks it today, and the specific result that would change…
Cryogenic Infrastructure: The First Decision in a Superconducting Build
Three cryogenic constraints set the ceiling on any superconducting quantum build: fridge lead time, the helium-3 supply chain, and the I/O wiring wall. Sequence…
Preparing a Facility for a Quantum Computer
A quantum computer is a building problem before it is a physics problem. What the site survey measures, which four sign-offs the schedule depends…
What It Takes to Build a Quantum Computer
A quantum computer is assembled by six engineering trades, only one of which is quantum physics. Here is what each of them does, and…
The Helium-3 Problem in Quantum Computing, Explained
Helium-3 has no substitute for millikelvin cooling, and most quantum computers never touch it. A working guide to the physics, the supply chain, and…
Will Magnetic Cooling Replace the Dilution Refrigerator?
Magnetic cooling reaches the same millikelvin temperatures as a dilution refrigerator and needs no helium-3. Cooling power at that temperature, not base temperature, decides…
The Four Seams of a Modular Quantum System
Open architecture only works where the interfaces do. Here are the four boundaries in a quantum system that an architect has to specify, test,…
Who Wins If Silicon Spin Wins
Silicon spin qubits borrow most of their supply chain from the semiconductor industry. We work through who supplies each layer, where the chokepoints are,…
Four Technologies That Decide Which Modality Scales
Qubit counts get the headlines. Control electronics, cryogenics, error correction hardware, and critical materials decide which architectures actually scale. A four-layer diagnostic.
How to Tell a Quantum Chokepoint From an Inconvenience
Scarcity is the wrong first question. Five tests separate a dependency that stops your quantum program from one that only costs money and time,…